Analysis of Micro Level Disparities in Urban Facility-Utility Services: A Study on Barasat City, West Bengal, India

The regional disparity is a challenging issue to the urban planners, policy makers, academicians, bureaucrats and technocrats in the developing countries. In India, wide range of socio-economic disparities are commonly evident even in Class-I cities. Such an undesirable phenomena reflects on the spatial variation of quality of life, level of living as well as well-being and welfare of the inhabitants. Moreover, it is against the constitutional law of equity and social justice. The present study is based on the empirical observation focused on ward-wise variation of availability of and accessibility to socioeconomic and utility services in Barasat city of West Bengal. On the basis of 'Cronbach's Alpha' and 'Principal Component Analysis', entire set of data have been arranged into six factors of which first three factors have been considered to examine the dimension of socio-economic disparities and level of development in the city

Observations of stress-coupled grain boundary migration in nanocrystalline thin films

Stress-coupled grain boundary migration has been shown to be an active deformation mechanism in a number of nanocrystalline metals. Ex situ tensile and hardness testing have proven to be valuable tools in uncovering the existence of stress-coupled grain boundary migration and ascertaining the role of shear stress, but these ex situ -experiments cannot provided detailed information about the microstructure as it evolves. In contrast, emerging in situ techniques such as TEM-based Precession Assisted Crystal Orientation Mapping and SEM-based Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction now allow for nanoscale observations of individual grains and grain boundaries. -Conducting in situ mechanical tests in conjunction with orientation mapping provides quantitative mechanistic information about grain boundary migration and greatly facilitates comparisons with computer simulations. Key parameters of interest to this study include the effect of grain boundary character and chemistry on the coupling factor, grain boundary mobility, and attendant mechanical response of nanocrystalline metals